Mathata a Motheo a Radiation-Hardened Crystal Oscillators: Ka{1}}Tlhahlobo e Tebileng ea Total Ionizing Dose le Single Effects-Ketsahalo
Kakaretso: Sekhahla sa Crystal Oscillator tikolohong ea Radiation
Joalo ka "ho otla ha pelo" ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, li-crystal oscillator li tobana le mathata a ikhethang -tikolohong ea mahlaseli a phahameng. Moko oa bona o na le likristale tsa piezoelectric le li-circuits tsa oscillation tse nepahetseng, tse arabelang mahlaseling ka mekhoa e fapaneng, empa likarabo ka bobeli li qetella li bonahalabotsitso ba maqhubu, pontšo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso. Litlamorao tsa radiation li arotsoe haholo ka mekhahlelo e 'meli:phello e felletseng ea ionizing dose (TID).e bakang ho senyeha butle-butle, leketsahalo e le 'ngoe-Bona)seo se lebisa ho hloleheng ha tšohanyetso.
Karolo ea 1: Kakaretso ea Phello ea Ionizing Dose - "Botsofali bo sa Feleng" ba Crystal Oscillators
1.1 Tšenyo e Kenyellelitsoeng ho Crystal ka boeona
Kakaretso ea phello ea lethal dose ea ionizing e bakoa ke ho bokellana ha matla ka nako e telele-ea ho pepesehela mahlaseli a ionizing, ho bakang tšenyo ea mefuta e 'meli ea likristale tsa quartz:
Tlhahiso e Tsoelang Pele ea Mefokolo ea Lattice
Radiation e baka tšenyo ea ho falla ka har'a kristale, e tlosa liathomo ho tloha sebakeng sa tsona.
Litšitiso tse kang likheo le liathomo tsa interstitial li bokellana ha nako e ntse e ea
Bofokoli bona bo fetola ho tsitsa ha kristale le litlamorao tsa boima ba 'mele
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:phetoho e hlophisitsoeng ea maqhubu a resonantleho khopamisoa ha -ke nako e itseng ea mocheso
Ho bokellana ha Tefiso holim'a Maholimo le Li-interface
Mahlaseli a ionizing a hlahisa litefiso tse tsitsitseng holim'a kristale le li-interfaces tsa electrode
Ho bokella litefiso ho fetola maemo a moeli oa holim'a kristale
E eketsa tahlehelo le ho hasana ha maqhubu a acoustic
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:phokotso ea ntlha ea boleng (Q boleng)leho senyeha ha lerata la mohato
1.2 Litšusumetso tse Tsoelang Pele ho Lipotoloho tsa Oscillation
Likarolo tse sebetsang le tse sa sebetseng lipotolohong tsa oscillation lia senyeha ka ho bokella lethal dose:
Parameter Drift of Active Devices
Ho hoholeha ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ha MOSFET threshold voltage, ho fetola ntlha ea leeme ea potoloho ea oscillation.
Phokotso ea transistor transconductance, e lebisang ho fokotseheng ha loop gain margin
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:bothata ba ho qala, ho fokotsa boholo ba tlhahiso, leho emisa ho oscillation maemong a boima
Keketso ea Exponential ea Leakage Current
Oxide-litefiso tse qabeletsoeng li baka ho lutla ha hona joale mabatooeng a PN le lihekeng
Ho phahama ho hoholo ha tšebeliso ea matla a static ea potoloho
Keketseho ea lerata la mocheso le ho senyeha ha tšebetso ea lerata la mohato
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:tshebediso ya matla hofeta maemo a itsenglebophahamo ba lerata la lerata
Liphetoho tsa Parameter ho Feedback Networks
Mahlaseli-mekhabiso e hlokolosi ea li-capacitor tsa load le resistors lia fetoha
E fetola maemo a phahamiso ea oscillator
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:center frequency offsetleho fokotseha ha sebaka sa tokiso
Karolo ea 2: Phello e le 'Ngoe-Ketsahalo e le 'Ngoe – "Sdden Heart Attack" ea Crystal Oscillators
2.1 Litšusumetso tse Otlolohileng ho Crystal Units
Tšenyo ea Phallo ea Nakoana
Karolo e le 'ngoe e phahameng-ea matla (ione e boima kapa{1}}proton e phahameng) e kenella ka har'a kristale.
E baka tšenyo ea sebaka sa "lattice" ho latela tsela ea karoloana
E baka liphetoho tsa nakoana tsa khatello ea maikutlo
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:qhoma hanghang hanghang, tse ka ’nang tsa hlaphoheloa ka tsela e itseng hamorao
Tefiso Deposition Effect
Li-particles li kenya litefello ka har'a kristale, li etsa sebaka sa motlakase sa nakoana
E fetotsoe khatellong ea nakoana ea mochini ka phello ea piezoelectric
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:tlola mohatoleho senyeha ho hoholo ha-ea botsitso ba nako e khuts'oane
2.2 Tšitiso ea Hang-hang le Lipotoloho tsa Oscillation
E le 'Ngoe-Ketsahalo e Fetang (SET) ho Lipotoloho tsa Analog
Likaroloana tse phahameng- tsa matla li otla sebuela-hōle kapa bias circuit karolong e bohareng ea oscillator.
Hlahisa li-pulse tsa hona joale tsa nakoana lithapong tsa motlakase kapa lithapong tsa matšoao
Bophara ba pulse bo tloha ho mashome a picoseconds ho isa ho microseconds tse 'maloa
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:
Superimposed glitches hang-hang ho tlhahiso ea waveform
Khatiso ea tšohanyetso ea ho tsoela pele ha mohato
E ka bang teng-locked loop (PLL) tahlehelo ea senotlolo kapa ho hloleha ho hokahanya oache
Sing-Ketsahalo e Phethahetseng (SEU) ho Control Logic
Ho phenyekolla hanyane ho etsahala likarolong tsa taolo ea dijithale (mohlala, lirekoto tsa tokiso ea khafetsa, mantsoe a taolo ea mokhoa)
Litlhophiso tsa tlhophiso li fetotsoe ho sa lebelloa
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:
Leqhubu la tlhahiso le tlolela boleng bo fosahetseng
Phetoho e sa tloaelehang ea mekhoa ea ho sebetsa
E kanna ea hloka tlhophiso bocha ho khutlisetsa ts'ebetso
Liphello tse Koluoang tsa Lekhetlo le le Leng-Ketsahalo ea Latchup (SEL)
Mehaho ea PNPN ea Parasitic e tsosoa, e etsa tsela e kholo ea hona joale
Hona joale e eketseha haholo (e ka 'na ea feta makhetlo a 100 ho feta boleng bo tloaelehileng)
Litšusumetso tse tobileng:
Ho hloleha ho felletseng ha tšebetso ea potoloho
Ho baleha ha mocheso ho ka baka tšenyo e sa feleng
Ho palama baesekele ka matla hoa tlama bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa
Karolo ea 3: Mekhoa e Khethehileng ea Tšireletso bakeng sa Crystal Oscillators
3.1 Mehato e Khethehileng Khahlanong le Kakaretso ea Phello ea Ionizing Dose
Khetho e ntlafalitsoeng ea Lisebelisoa tsa Crystal
Adopt radiation-hardened crystals: mohlala, SC-cut quartz e bonts'a ho hanyetsa mahlaseli ho feta AT-cut quartz
Mekhoa e khethehileng ea ts'ebetso: hydrogen annealing le mekhoa e meng ea ho fokotsa mefokolo ea pele ea kristale
Ho hlahlojoa ha lisebelisoa tse ncha: lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang lithium niobate phosphate (LNB) li bonts'a ts'ebetso e phahameng ho lihlopha tse itseng tsa maqhubu.
Moralo o thata oa potoloho
Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor tse entsoeng ka mahlaseli-mekhoa e thatafalitsoeng
Rala li-circuits tse se nang leeme hore li lefelle ka bo eona bakeng sa threshold voltage drift
Kenya ts'ebetsong moralo oa mamello ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ka har'a marang-rang a marang-rang
Kenyelletsa lipotoloho tsa hona joale tsa tlhahlobo le matšeliso
Ntlafatso ea Sebopeho
Ntlafatsa sephutheloana sa kristale ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea -lisebelisoa tse bobebe tsa mahlaseli
Ntlafatsa moralo oa li-electrode le mekhoa ea khokahano ho fokotsa ho bokellana ha litefiso tsa sefahleho
Sebelisa litlolo tse khethehileng ho fokotsa liphello tse ka holimo
3.2 Litharollo tse Khethehileng bakeng sa-Sephetho sa Ketsahalo e le Mong
Mehaho ea-Tshireletso ea Potoloho ea Boemo
Kenya tšebetsong li-circuits tsa ho sefa le hysteresis litseleng tsa bohlokoa tsa analoge
Adopt triple modular redundancy (TMR) le ho khatholla nako le nako bakeng sa likarolo tsa taolo ea dijithale
Etsa mekhoa ea ho lemoha le ho hlaphoheloa kapele
Sebelisa likhoutu tsa ho lemoha le ho lokisa (EDAC) ho sireletsa lintlha tsa tlhophiso
Ntlafatso ea Moralo oa Sebopeho
Kenya mehele ea balebeli ho pota-potile li-node tse bonolo
Amohela{0}} sebopeho se tloaelehileng sa centroid ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa gradient
Ntlafatsa marang-rang a phano ea motlakase ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea latchup
Sebelisa boholo bo boholo ba lisebelisoa bakeng sa li-transistor tse bohlokoa ho eketsa tefiso ea bohlokoa
Sistimi{{0}Maano a ho Fokotsa Boemo
Etsa moralo o sa hlokahaleng{0} oa li-oscillator tse tšehetsang ho fapanyetsana ho hot
Kenya tšebetsong-tekolo ea nako le ho lemoha ka mokhoa o sa hlakang
Theha li-algorithms tse ikamahanyang le maemo ho khetholla le ho lefella litlamorao tsa nakoana
Theha ka-maqheka a ho lokisa orbit, ho kenyeletsoa le ho lokisa lipharamithara le ho hlaphoheloa ha liphoso
3.3 Litlhoko tse Khethehileng tsa Teko le netefatso
Mekhoa ea Teko ea Radiation bakeng sa Crystal Oscillators
Tlhokomelo ea nako e telele- ea botsitso ba khafetsa: lekola mekhoa ea ho theoloha tlas'a phello e felletseng ea lethal dose ea ionizing
Tekanyo ea nako-ea sebele ea lerata la mohato: lemoha likarolo tse ikhethang tsa litlamorao tsa nakoana
Ka-teko ea mahlaseli: etsisa litlamorao tsa ketsahalo e le 'ngoe-
Teko e potlakileng ea bophelo: bolela esale pele-botšepehi ba nako e telele
Mekhahlelo ea Bohlokoa e Tsepamisitsoeng Tekong
Lekhalo la likamano lipakeng tsa frequency offset le lethal dose ea ionizing kaofela
Litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa sekhahla sa lerata la phase
Ho senyeha ha nako ea ho qala le nako ea botsitso
Bokhoni ba ho boloka botsitso ba waveform ea tlhahiso
Qetello: Boenjiniere ba Litsamaiso ba Tekatekano le Ntlafatso
Ho thatafatsa mahlaseli a kristale oscillator ke mokhoa oa boenjiniere o hlokang hore ho fokotsoe-mekhahlelo e mengata:
Teka-tekano Pakeng tsa Lisebelisoa le Mekhoa
Thekiso{{0}pakeng tsa ho hanyetsa mahlaseli ha lisebelisoa tsa kristale le botsitso ba khafetsa
Ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa boemo bo thata ba mekhoa ea semiconductor khahlanong le tšebeliso ea matla le lebelo
Litheolelo{{0}ka Moqapi oa Potoloho
Ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa ntlafatso ea botšepehi ho tloha ho ts'ireletso ea redundancy le ho eketseha ho rarahaneng le tšebeliso ea matla
Thekisa{{0}e pakeng tsa matla a mehato ea ts'ireletso le litšenyehelo le boholo ba lithibelo
Ntlafatso ea Mehaho ea Sisteme
Moralo o sebelisanang{0}} oa tšireletso ea maemo a mangata
Hardware{{0}software integrated fault-mawa a ho mamella
Khokahano ea tlhahlobo ea inthanete le tokiso e ikamahanyang le maemo
Qetellong, moralo o atlehileng oa mahlaseli{{0}e entsoeng ka kristale oscillator o tšetlehile kutloisisong e nepahetseng ea tikoloho ea ts'ebetso, hammoho le ho shebisisa ts'ebetso, ts'epo, le litšenyehelo. Ka nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha, lits'ebetso tse tsoetseng pele, le mekhoa e bohlale ea matšeliso, ts'ebetso ea li-crystal oscillator tikolohong ea mahlaseli a feteletseng e tla matlafatsoa le ho feta, ho fana ka motheo o matla oa nako bakeng sa{2}}mabaka a ts'eptjoang a phahameng joalo ka lipatlisiso tsa sebaka se tebileng le lisebelisoa tsa matla a nyutlelie.
Tlhahlobo ena e lebisitsoeng le mekhoa ea tšireletso e tiisa hore "ho otla ha pelo" ea tsamaiso e lula e tsitsitse ebile e ka tšeptjoa esita le libakeng tse thata ka ho fetisisa tsa mahlaseli.